Switzerland announced 3 million Swiss francs — over $3.8 million — in emergency funding on Tuesday to help contain the Ebola outbreak devastating eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation stated the outbreak is caused by the Bundibugyo virus, which has no available vaccine or treatment, and has already resulted in more than 900 suspected cases including 100 confirmed infections. Congolese authorities have recorded 220 suspected deaths including 10 confirmed fatalities, with the virus mainly affecting the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu — regions already destabilized by armed conflict and mass displacement.

Aid allocation

More than 2 million Swiss francs of the funding will go to the World Health Organization to support the deployment of emergency medical teams and provide laboratory and technical assistance. An additional 500,000 francs will support maternal and child health programs in North and South Kivu through epidemiological monitoring and case management, while 400,000 francs will be directed to a Medair project focused on infectious disease prevention in Ituri and North Kivu. The SDC also plans to deploy two specialists from the Swiss Humanitarian Aid Corps to assist UN agencies responding to the crisis, with the cooperation office in Bukavu coordinating the response on the ground.

Global emergency declaration

WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said Monday that "the outbreak is progressing faster than we are," although the agency is urgently scaling up operations. The WHO declared the Ebola outbreak affecting Congo and Uganda a global health emergency on May 17 after suspected infections continued to rise and confirmed cases emerged beyond the initial outbreak zone. Ten countries including Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi face the risk of an Ebola outbreak, according to the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, while the WHO has warned that the situation is being closely monitored due to infections among healthcare workers and outbreaks in urban areas.

Vigilante groups exploit economic grievances

In April and May, protests organized by March and March in Johannesburg, Pretoria and Durban were linked to violent incidents that forced hundreds of legally registered foreign nationals to flee their homes and seek refuge at police stations, according to the rights group. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres recently expressed deep concern over reports of xenophobic harassment and attacks against foreign nationals in South Africa, the organization said. Nomathamsanga Masiko-Mpaka, a researcher at Human Rights Watch South Africa desk, said the constitution protects the right to protest but does not permit vigilante groups to block migrants from accessing healthcare and education services.

Anti-immigrant rhetoric intensifies ahead of polls

Operation Dudula, founded in Soweto following the July 2021 riots, draws its name from the isiZulu word meaning "force out" and has gained momentum ahead of South Africa's local government elections scheduled for November, political analyst Andre Duvenhage of North-West University told Anadolu. The movement has framed undocumented migration as a national crisis, describing South Africa as "being invaded" while accusing migrants of contributing to crime and unemployment in a country where the official jobless rate stands at 32 percent. Political parties including ActionSA and the Patriotic Alliance have drawn support from the anti-immigrant mobilization, with former Operation Dudula head Zandile Dabula recently joining ActionSA's campaign.

Government response and historical context

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said this month that criminal acts targeting foreign nationals do not reflect government policy, stating there is "no place in South Africa for xenophobia, ethnic mobilization, intolerance or violence." Dale McKinley, spokesperson for Kopanang Africa Against Xenophobia, said migrants were being scapegoated for structural failures that long predate recent migration waves, noting that such rhetoric risks deepening tensions in a country with a history of anti-migrant violence. South Africa experienced its deadliest xenophobic attacks in 2008, when violence that began in Alexandra Township spread across the country and killed 62 people, followed by further outbreaks in 2015 and 2019 that left at least 19 dead and hundreds of businesses looted.

Economic vision

In public remarks, Lo has advocated for fiscal discipline and economic transformation, arguing that the government could “turn around the economic situation within 24 months” if all stakeholders adopt “a posture of rigor and financial discipline.” He is also recognized for his critical views on the CFA franc, a recurring issue raised by the ruling PASTEF party in its calls for greater economic and monetary sovereignty. Lo’s appointment comes after former Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko was dismissed for speaking out against debt restructuring. Senegal’s public debt has reached 132% of GDP, according to the IMF.

Message of Solidarity

In a statement shared on the domestic social media network, Erdogan offered warm greetings to African leaders and citizens. "I wholeheartedly congratulate the May 25 Africa Day and the anniversary of the founding of the African Union, and send my love and respect to all our African brothers and sisters," he said, referring to the "strong historical and human ties" uniting Türkiye with the continent. The president emphasized that Ankara remains dedicated to strengthening partnerships with African nations based on mutual respect and shared values.

Continental Engagement

The African Union traces its origins to May 25, 1963, when 32 independent African states established the Organization of African Unity in Addis Ababa — now the seat of the AU Commission. The annual commemoration serves as a platform to celebrate continental solidarity and sustainable development. Ankara has pursued an intensified diplomatic outreach strategy toward Africa since 2003, elevating engagement through three Türkiye-Africa Partnership Summits and expanding Turkish Airlines routes to more than 60 destinations across the continent, according to diplomatic sources.

Economic and Security Ties

Turkish cooperation agencies including TİKA and the Turkish Maarif Foundation maintain extensive development and educational programs throughout Africa, while bilateral trade volumes have grown substantially over the past two decades. Defense cooperation has also expanded in recent years, with several African nations acquiring Bayraktar TB2 unmanned aerial vehicles from Turkish manufacturers to bolster their security capabilities. The next Türkiye-Africa Partnership Summit is expected to convene in 2026, building on agreements signed during the 2021 Istanbul gathering.

Hospital attack

A group of "angry youth" stormed tents built with support from Doctors Without Borders (MSF) at Mongwalu General Referral Hospital, Richard Lokudi, the facility's medical director, told Radio Okapi. The facility was hosting 28 suspected Ebola cases when the attack occurred, and at least 13 patients escaped and remain missing, he added, noting that police opened an investigation Saturday morning to identify the perpetrators.

Second incident in a week

The incident marked the second assault on Ebola treatment infrastructure in the region within seven days, underscoring mounting friction between medical teams and local populations. On Thursday, a treatment center in nearby Rwampara was set ablaze after relatives were barred from retrieving the body of a man suspected to have died from Ebola, according to the report. Humanitarian groups have warned that fear, misinformation and distrust continue to undermine response efforts in eastern DR Congo, where weak infrastructure and insecurity complicate outbreak control.

Burial protocols and outbreak data

Bodies of Ebola victims remain highly infectious and can spread the virus during traditional burial practices, prompting authorities to assume responsibility for burials of suspected victims — a practice that often triggers objections from relatives and community members. As of Sunday, authorities in Congo had recorded 904 suspected cases and 119 suspected deaths linked to the latest outbreak, while neighboring Uganda confirmed five cases and one death, according to health officials.

Victims and injuries

The victims, aged between 18 and 40, included 13 members of the same family who were buried in the landslide. At Bengo central hospital, health supervisor Francisco Rodrigues confirmed that at least three injured individuals received treatment. “All three patients are conscious and out of danger. There is no immediate need for transfer to other medical facilities,” Rodrigues told reporters.

Context

Illegal artisanal mining is widespread in parts of Angola, often using dangerous methods without safety oversight. Accidents are frequent but rarely receive international attention. The tragedy comes amid a global surge in gold prices driven by the Iran war and economic uncertainty, which has increased informal mining activity in resource‑rich African countries.

Economic and democratic pledges

The 74‑year‑old president pledged that if granted another four‑year term, he would put Nigeria on “an irreversible path of economic growth and democratic consolidation.” He vowed to serve his country with even greater determination than during his first term. Tinubu entered politics in 1992, was forced into exile after a 1994 coup, returned in 1998, and served as governor of Lagos from 1999 to 2007 before winning the presidency in 2023.

Cases surge past 100 across three provinces

The ministry's report issued on Sunday showed that as of May 23, the virus had affected 11 health zones across the country. The outbreak initially emerged in Ituri province before spreading to neighboring North Kivu and South Kivu, complicating containment efforts in a region with porous borders and limited healthcare infrastructure.

Health officials continue surveillance, screening, and awareness campaigns in affected areas to stem transmission. The ministry said that "vigilance and adherence to prevention measures remain essential" as authorities work to trace contacts and isolate confirmed cases in the densely populated region.

Virus detected in neighboring Uganda

The World Health Organization has confirmed at least seven deaths in the Democratic Republic of Congo since the outbreak began last month. The UN health agency raised its alert level to "very high" as the epidemic shows no signs of slowing, with Congolese authorities struggling to contain the highly infectious pathogen in densely populated urban centers.

Three new cases emerged in Uganda on Saturday, bringing the total confirmed infections there to five since the current outbreak started, according to the Health Ministry. The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention warned that ten countries — including Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Burundi, the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Zambia — face elevated risk of cross-border transmission.

Authorities suspend activities as neighbors tighten borders

Congolese authorities have suspended social activities in Ituri province, including sports events and public gatherings, to prevent further spread of the virus. Several neighboring countries have intensified preventive measures and restricted travel from the Democratic Republic of Congo, implementing enhanced screening at border crossings to detect potential cases before they enter their territories.

The army described the engagement as a "decisive military operation" that resulted in the "full security" of the area, claiming its troops had defeated the RSF and associated militia elements. No immediate comment was available from the Rapid Support Forces regarding the army's claims of territorial gains and enemy casualties.

Rebel alliances

The military accused the paramilitary force of coordinating with the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North, a rebel faction that has been battling government troops since 2011 to secure autonomy for Blue Nile and South Kordofan. The SPLM-N has historically contested state control in the region, and its apparent alliance with the RSF marks a significant complication in the ongoing civil war.

Humanitarian crisis

Sudan has faced one of the world's worst humanitarian crises since the conflict erupted in April 2023 over the integration of the RSF into the national military structure. The war has triggered famine conditions across vast territories, killed tens of thousands of people, and forced millions to flee their homes, according to international aid organizations.

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention on Saturday identified 10 nations facing elevated risk of Ebola virus disease following an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, with agency Director General Jean Kaseya stressing the need for cross-border vigilance during a virtual briefing on continental health security.

Jean Kaseya said during the briefing that Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Burundi, the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Sudan and Zambia face elevated transmission risk, noting that all except Ethiopia share borders with either the DR Congo or Uganda — both of which have recorded confirmed infections.

International funding appeal launched

The Africa CDC and the World Health Organization have jointly appealed for over $314 million to finance emergency response operations, with the bulk designated for treatment and surveillance in Congo and Uganda while the 10 high-risk nations would share $54 million in preventive funding.

Planned interventions include establishing national incident management systems, accelerating research on vaccines targeting the Bundibugyo strain, deploying additional response teams, and pre-positioning emergency medical stocks before transmission accelerates, according to agency officials.

Outbreak spreads through Great Lakes region

The DR Congo has recorded approximately 750 suspected cases and 177 suspected deaths since declaring an outbreak on May 15 in Ituri province, with the virus spreading to North Kivu and South Kivu and causing 82 confirmed infections and seven confirmed fatalities.

Uganda's Health Ministry said Saturday that three new cases had been confirmed, bringing the national total to five infections as the virus crosses the shared border, prompting authorities in Kampala to activate enhanced surveillance protocols at frontier crossings.

Authorities impose strict containment protocols

Congolese authorities suspended social activities including sporting events in Ituri, the epicenter, while military governor Gen. Johnny Luboya banned gatherings exceeding 50 people throughout the Bunia, Rwampara, Mungwalu and Nyakunde health zones affected by the surge.

The WHO has elevated its alert level to "very high" as neighboring countries intensify preventive screening and impose travel restrictions on arrivals from the DR Congo to block further regional transmission of the deadly virus.

Political rift

Faye and Sonko were once close political allies within the PASTEF party (African Patriots of Senegal for Work, Ethics and Fraternity), which came to power in 2024. Their relationship reportedly deteriorated amid disputes over party control, governance, and economic policy. Faye exercised his constitutional authority to remove Sonko, citing the need to preserve national stability, according to available information. The president will appoint a new prime minister and government within the coming days. Sonko had been appointed prime minister hours after Faye’s inauguration on April 2, 2024.

Senator Ali Ndume, who represents Borno South in the National Assembly, said on Saturday that at least 42 students were abducted during an assault on a government school in the Askira-Uba area. The attack occurred on May 15 in Mussa village when armed assailants stormed the facility during early morning classes, according to Business Day Nigeria.

The incident has left many parents and guardians devastated and traumatized, Ndume noted. "The school abduction is more terrifying because it happened when poor and resilient students were engaged in their early morning classes," he said in a statement.

Appeal for military action

Ndume appealed directly to security agencies, particularly the Nigerian Army, to intensify efforts to secure the release of the abducted students, emphasizing the need for swift military intervention. Families across the region remain in anguish as authorities scramble to locate the missing children.

Insurgency context

Nigeria has faced persistent attacks by armed groups including Boko Haram and the ISIS-affiliated ISWAP across various regions. Boko Haram has carried out attacks since the early 2000s, with tens of thousands killed in mass violence since 2009. In February, the United States deployed approximately 100 military personnel to northern Nigeria to provide training, intelligence sharing and technical support to local forces.

Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty met with his Eritrean counterpart Osman Saleh in Asmara on Saturday, where they stated that Red Sea security and management fall solely under the jurisdiction of coastal nations. The ministers rejected any attempts by non-littoral parties to impose security arrangements in the region, according to a statement from the Egyptian Foreign Ministry.

Ethiopia tensions

The declaration comes amid Cairo's ongoing opposition to Ethiopia's attempts to secure Red Sea access, including a controversial memorandum of understanding with Somaliland that triggered regional concerns. Egypt, Eritrea and Somalia established a joint cooperation committee in October 2024 to coordinate their stance against Addis Ababa's maritime ambitions, which coincide with long-running disputes between Cairo and Ethiopia over Nile River waters.

Economic cooperation

Abdelatty and Saleh participated in the Egyptian-Eritrean Business Forum alongside Eritrean presidential economic advisor Hagos Gebrehiwet, where they discussed joint investment opportunities and development projects. Hagos expressed Asmara's readiness to benefit from Egyptian expertise in development initiatives, while Abdelatty noted President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi's emphasis on strengthening bilateral trade and economic cooperation.

Election results and policy pledges

Museveni won the January 15 presidential election with 71% of the vote, while opposition candidate Robert Kyagulanyi, known as Bobi Wine, received 24%. Addressing guests and supporters, Museveni said his administration would focus on strengthening Uganda’s economy, expanding regional cooperation, and promoting stability in East Africa. He also pledged to continue infrastructure development and economic transformation efforts. Security personnel were deployed across Kampala ahead of the ceremony to manage crowds and ensure smooth proceedings.

Extended rule and regional context

Museveni, 81, first came to power in 1986. He extended his time in office after Uganda removed presidential term limits in 2005 and later abolished the presidential age limit in 2017. While Türkiye maintains diplomatic and trade relations with Uganda, Ankara has consistently encouraged democratic governance and adherence to constitutional limits across Africa. Turkish officials have previously emphasised that strong institutions, not strong leaders, are the foundation of long-term stability and prosperity.

French President Emmanuel Macron on Tuesday urged stronger African representation in the United Nations Security Council and global financial bodies, declaring that the continent must have a greater voice in international governance during the opening of the Africa Forward summit.

Speaking at the summit, Macron said the gathering marked a shift toward a forward-looking partnership between France and Africa, adding that cooperation should focus on shared future priorities rather than historical relations. "The agenda that Africa and France share should not look to the past, but straight ahead," he said.

Investment partnership model

Macron emphasized that France's approach over the past decade had sought to balance historical reflection with investment in culture, sports, education and economic development. He stressed that the partnership model must move away from aid-based relations toward investment-led cooperation.

Future collaboration will focus on artificial intelligence, health, agriculture, energy and industry, the French president stated. He underlined that Africa should be regarded as a "true partner" rather than merely a source of raw materials for external powers.

Economic commitments

Macron highlighted €23 billion in investment commitments linked to the summit, including contributions from French and African companies. He noted that fiscal policy reforms and better mobilization of international financial institutions would be essential for sustainable development across the continent.

The farm theft scandal

The controversy dates back to 2020, when burglars stole $580,000 in cash hidden in a sofa at Ramaphosa’s rural farm — a sum he did not report to police. Critics accused him of money laundering and demanded to know the source of the funds. Ramaphosa has denied any wrongdoing, claiming the money came from “proceeds from the sale of game.” In 2022, an independent panel appointed by the National Assembly found that Ramaphosa may have committed serious misconduct. However, parliament voted against adopting the panel’s report, effectively blocking impeachment proceedings.

Legal manoeuvring ahead

Last Friday, the Constitutional Court declared that parliament’s vote was illegal and that the panel’s recommendations must be referred to an impeachment committee unless the report is overturned on review. Ramaphosa announced he will seek an expedited judicial review of the panel’s findings, arguing the report is “flawed.” He insisted: “I do so not out of disrespect for parliament or its processes but to affirm the need for such findings to be correct in law and in fact.”

Infrastructure and energy cooperation

The agreements include construction of a new National Electricity Control Center to stabilize national power distribution and modernization of signaling systems for Nairobi’s U-20 commuter train to ease chronic urban congestion. French technical assistance will also extend to renovation of the Masinga Dam, cooperation on sustainable fuel initiatives, and large-scale deployment of fiber-optic networks along a national digital highway spanning multiple counties. Macron stated that these projects aim to deliver "less expensive and more reliable access to energy" while significantly improving public service delivery across Kenya.

Strait of Hormuz and diplomatic ties

Ruto described bilateral relations as longstanding and strategically vital, noting that France has maintained continuous partnership with Kenya since independence. The two leaders also examined rising global fuel costs linked to ongoing tensions in the Strait of Hormuz, with Ruto noting that he had consulted counterparts from Sierra Leone and Senegal on the crisis and that oil prices have surged between 20% to 30%. "You can count on our partnership," Ruto told Macron during a joint media briefing at State House.

Africa Forward Summit

Macron is scheduled to open the Africa Forward Summit on Monday, a high-level forum convening African heads of state, international investors and business executives to discuss trade expansion and sustainable economic partnerships across the continent. The French president’s three-day visit marks a renewed diplomatic push by Paris to strengthen commercial and security ties with African nations amid shifting geopolitical alignments and growing competition from other global powers. Ruto has recently positioned Kenya as a regional hub for digital infrastructure innovation and green energy transition projects.

The Sudanese army announced on Saturday that its forces have seized control of the Al-Kili area in Blue Nile state following clashes with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied fighters from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N). In a statement issued by the military command, the army confirmed that units from the Fourth Infantry Division secured the area on the outskirts of Al-Kurmuk city after sustained combat operations, noting that remaining rebel fighters had fled after suffering heavy losses.

The military indicated that operations would continue across areas of responsibility until the insurgency is defeated and border security is restored, though the Rapid Support Forces have not issued any immediate response to the claims. The Al-Kili area sits on the outskirts of Al-Kurmuk, a strategic location in the southern Blue Nile region that has witnessed escalating clashes in recent weeks.

Conflict dynamics

Blue Nile state has emerged as a contested front in Sudan's protracted conflict, with the army maintaining control over large portions of the territory while the SPLM-N continues its insurgency dating back to 2011. The rebel movement has demanded autonomy for Blue Nile and neighboring South Kordofan, complicating the military landscape as the RSF—a paramilitary force formed from Janjaweed militias—battles the regular army for national dominance.

Humanitarian impact

The latest fighting has displaced thousands of civilians from several towns and villages within the state, adding to the humanitarian catastrophe that has engulfed Sudan since April 2023. The war erupted following a dispute over integrating the RSF into the military command structure, triggering widespread famine and killing tens of thousands while forcing millions from their homes across the country.

The French government declined to support the measure because it rejects establishing any ranking system regarding crimes against humanity or transforming the suffering inflicted by such historical abominations into comparative assessments, particularly given these crimes' enduring contemporary consequences," Barrot explained according to Al Jazeera's reporting. Paris maintains that categorizing one historical atrocity above others risks diminishing the severity of genocides and systematic violence committed across different eras and geographies.

UN Vote Reveals Global Divide

The General Assembly formally classified the transatlantic trafficking of enslaved Africans as the most serious violation against humankind, a designation supporters welcomed as progress toward reconciliation and prospective compensation frameworks. The resolution passed with 123 member states voting in favor, while 52 nations including Britain and European Union members abstained. Three countries— the United States, Israel, and Argentina— registered opposition to the Ghanaian-led initiative during Wednesday's session.

Reparatory Justice Demands

Beyond symbolic recognition, the binding text urges nations historically implicated in the slave economy to pursue comprehensive restorative measures. These include issuing formal governmental apologies, providing financial compensation to descendant communities, and implementing concrete policies to dismantle persistent structural discrimination rooted in centuries of human bondage. The document emphasizes that acknowledgment must translate into tangible corrective action addressing inherited economic and social inequalities.

Cultural Heritage and Restitution

The resolution specifically mandates the immediate and unconditional return of cultural artifacts, architectural monuments, and archival materials removed during colonial occupations. Museums and private collections holding African artistic treasures acquired through coercion or theft during the imperial era face mounting pressure to restore these objects to their nations of origin. This provision targets the ongoing cultural dispossession that accompanied the physical violence of the slave trade and subsequent colonization.

Historical Accountability at the UN

Secretary-General Antonio Guterres characterized the transatlantic system as an assault on human dignity that shattered familial bonds and obliterated communal structures across the African continent. He noted that defenders of slavery fabricated racist pseudoscientific theories to rationalize the unjustifiable exploitation of millions. The resolution represents the international community's most forceful official condemnation of the commercial trafficking that forcibly displaced approximately 12.5 million Africans between the 16th and 19th centuries.

Army confirms ongoing combat

“The General Staff of the Armed Forces informs the national public that unidentified armed terrorist groups targeted certain strategic points and barracks in the capital and in the interior early this morning,” the army said in a statement. “Combat is ongoing. We call on the population to remain calm and vigilant. Our defense and security forces are currently engaged in annihilating the attackers.” Residents reported hearing explosions and gunfire in several areas.

Recurring attacks since 2012

Mali has faced recurring attacks by armed groups since 2012, including previous strikes in 2024 targeting Kati and the Senou airport area. The country is currently ruled by General Assimi Goita, president of the transition, who has effectively been in power since the second military coup in May 2021, when he removed the previous interim president. No group has yet claimed responsibility for Saturday’s coordinated assaults.

Civilian protection imperatives

The UN official underscored the mission's unwavering dedication to safeguarding non-combatants from persistent militant threats plaguing the eastern territories. Armed factions continue perpetrating violence against local populations, triggering substantial population displacement and exacerbating ethnic divisions throughout the region. The stabilization force maintains its operational focus on providing direct physical security for hundreds of thousands of internally displaced persons cooperating closely with national military and police units.

Transnational nature of rebel activities

Robert Seninga, presiding over the North Kivu Provincial Assembly, emphasized that the Allied Democratic Forces insurgency transcends national boundaries, arguing that the organization's cross-border operations and external linkages necessitate international rather than purely domestic responses. The legislator urged multinational peacekeeping contingents to rigorously oversee ceasefire agreements between government troops and rebel combatants while ensuring robust defensive measures for vulnerable communities.

Coordinated response framework

Swan advocated for strengthened multilateral cooperation encompassing governmental institutions, security apparatuses, humanitarian organizations, and local civic structures. This integrated approach aims to address both immediate protection needs and underlying governance deficits fueling instability. The mission continues supporting Kinshasa's authority while facilitating dialogue mechanisms to mitigate inter-communal friction and combat systemic impunity undermining rule of law.

Strengthening diplomatic ties

The protocol, announced by the Turkish Foreign Ministry via the Turkish social media platform NSosyal, is designed to facilitate the exchange of land parcels for the construction or expansion of diplomatic missions in both Ankara and Lusaka. The agreement reflects growing cooperation between Türkiye and Zambia across political and economic spheres.

Deepening bilateral relations

The meeting and the signing ceremony mark another step in Türkiye’s broader efforts to strengthen ties with African nations. Ankara has expanded its diplomatic presence across the continent in recent years, with Zambia emerging as an important partner in southern Africa. No further details on the exact locations or sizes of the land parcels were immediately disclosed.

The Central African island nation of Sao Tome and Principe is actively pursuing enhanced diplomatic and economic relations with Ankara, viewing Türkiye as a key partner in its development trajectory. Speaking exclusively during the Antalya Diplomacy Forum, Foreign Minister Ilza Maria dos Santos Amado Vaz underscored the potential for establishing collaborative frameworks that yield mutual benefits. The minister emphasized that strengthening bilateral ties aligns with her government's broader economic diplomacy agenda aimed at accelerating national growth.

Sustainable Development Priorities

Minister Vaz identified the transition toward renewable energy sources as a cornerstone of her country's development strategy, stressing the necessity of substantial capital injection to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The national vision positions Sao Tome and Principe as a premier destination for eco-conscious travelers, requiring robust public and private sector collaboration. This strategic pivot toward green energy and responsible tourism forms the backbone of recently approved national development plans designed to ensure long-term environmental and economic sustainability.

Infrastructure and Maritime Potential

Significant investment requirements exist within the transportation sector, particularly regarding road networks, aviation facilities, and maritime ports essential for visitor accessibility and trade facilitation. The minister highlighted the nation's unique geographical advantage in the Gulf of Guinea, noting that its exclusive economic zone spans an area approximately one hundred sixty times larger than its terrestrial territory. This vast maritime expanse presents lucrative opportunities in fisheries management, marine resource development, and aquatic trade routes. Additionally, the country's rich biodiversity supports high-value agricultural exports including premium cocoa and vanilla varieties.

Multilateral Cooperation Framework

Beyond bilateral engagements, Minister Vaz championed strengthened multilateral systems grounded in respect for international law, sovereign equality, and universal human rights principles. She emphasized that global peace and equitable development require collective action to address systemic inequalities and promote justice worldwide. The Antalya Diplomacy Forum, convened under the auspices of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and hosted by the Turkish Foreign Ministry, provided the diplomatic platform for these discussions. This year's gathering focused on navigating global uncertainties while mapping future international cooperation pathways.

Support for Somalia’s Sovereignty

Erdoğan reaffirmed Türkiye’s support for Somalia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, saying Ankara will continue to back efforts aimed at fully resolving disputes between Somalia and Ethiopia. The meeting was attended by Energy and Natural Resources Minister Alparslan Bayraktar, National Intelligence Organisation head İbrahim Kalın, Communications Director Burhanettin Duran, chief foreign policy and security adviser Akif Çağatay Kılıç, and senior adviser Zafer Çubukçu.

Strategic Partnership

Türkiye and Somalia have deepened ties in recent years, with Ankara providing development aid, security cooperation and infrastructure projects. The deployment of the Cagri Bey drilling vessel marks a new phase in energy cooperation. The meeting also addressed regional stability in the Horn of Africa, where Türkiye has mediated between Somalia and Ethiopia. Both leaders expressed commitment to further strengthening their strategic partnership.

Speaking at the Port of Mogadishu during a ceremony to welcome the Çağrı Bey Drillship, Bayraktar said the vessel’s arrival marks a new phase in Türkiye’s offshore energy exploration efforts in Somali waters. The Curad-1 well represents a significant step in expanding Ankara’s energy footprint abroad, as operations officially move into deeper exploration off Somalia’s coast.

Strategic Energy Partnership

The mission represents a major step in Türkiye’s strategy to expand its energy exploration footprint beyond its own waters. The Cagri Bey, a state‑of‑the‑art drillship, will conduct the first deep‑sea exploration drilling activity undertaken by a Turkish vessel in the Horn of Africa. Bayraktar had previously indicated that the ship would arrive in Somali waters on Friday, but the vessel reached its destination ahead of schedule, underscoring the efficiency of the operation. “We ask for God’s grace for our first overseas deep‑sea drilling operation that goes beyond our borders,” the minister said.

Strengthening Bilateral Ties

The deployment follows hydrocarbon exploration agreements signed between Türkiye and Somalia in 2024, which cover onshore and offshore oil and gas exploration. The seismic vessel Oruç Reis had previously completed surveys in three offshore blocks. By launching this historic mission, Ankara aims to help Somalia unlock its underwater energy potential while securing access to new resources and reinforcing the strategic partnership between the two nations. The Cagri Bey’s successful arrival and imminent drilling demonstrate Türkiye’s growing capability to project energy technology and expertise onto the international stage.

Turkish drill ship arrives for first offshore drilling

The remarks came as the Turkish drill ship Cagri Bey arrived in Somalia’s territorial waters to begin the first offshore drilling in the Horn of Africa nation, according to state media. The vessel departed from the southern port of Tasucu in Mersin, Türkiye, in February and is expected to begin drilling at the Curad-1 well this month. The Cagri Bey’s arrival follows a 2024 agreement between Türkiye and Somalia covering onshore and offshore oil and gas exploration. The Turkish seismic vessel Oruc Reis previously completed surveys in three offshore blocks.

Türkiye’s growing role in African energy

The drilling campaign underscores Türkiye’s expanding energy partnership with African nations, particularly in regions where Ankara has cultivated strong diplomatic and economic ties. For Türkiye, which relies heavily on imported energy, securing exploration rights in Somalia offers potential long-term supply diversification. The project also strengthens Türkiye’s presence in the strategically important Horn of Africa, a region that controls key shipping lanes near the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. As global powers compete for African energy resources, Türkiye’s quiet but steady engagement in Somalia represents a model of bilateral cooperation that Ankara hopes to replicate elsewhere on the continent.

Partnership signals confidence in Libyan market

NOC Chairperson Mesud Suleiman described the agreement as encompassing a comprehensive technical assessment of the offshore area, emphasizing that the block holds substantial potential to strengthen Libya’s national reserves and yield significant discoveries. Suleiman framed the partnership as more than a technical arrangement, calling it “a message of confidence in Libya’s investment environment and evidence of the return of major companies to explore and operate in promising opportunities in our country.” His remarks underscore Libya’s push to position itself as a reliable energy partner despite ongoing security and political challenges.

Energy landscape shifts amid regional competition

The Chevron deal comes as global energy majors reassess their presence in North Africa and the Mediterranean basin, where competition for offshore hydrocarbon resources has intensified. Türkiye, which maintains its own strategic energy partnerships across the region, continues to expand cooperation with Libya through separate agreements in the Eastern Mediterranean. Ankara has consistently emphasized the importance of stability and mutually beneficial energy frameworks, viewing Libya’s development as integral to broader regional economic and security dynamics.

Investments and Modernization at Alport Conakry

The delegation visited Alport Conakry SA, the port operating company, and received detailed information about its activities. During the visit, presentations were made covering the general profile of Albayrak Group as well as Alport Conakry’s investments and the innovative improvement works being carried out at the port. The presentations were followed closely by the delegation.

Praise from Guinea’s National Chamber of Commerce

M. Balde, President of the National Chamber of Commerce of Guinea, spoke highly of the investments carried out by Türkiye through Albayrak Group. He emphasized that the modernization and development activities implemented by Alport Conakry at the port make significant contributions to the country’s economy.

A Step Toward Stronger International Cooperation

The visit is regarded as a strategic step in line with Guinea’s goals of strengthening cooperation with international investors and mobilizing the country’s economic potential more effectively.

Demographics of victims

In a statement released Tuesday, authorities noted that adult males account for the majority of those who have perished in the tragic flooding that has swept through the East African nation. "Adult males represent the largest portion of recorded fatalities following the devastating floods that have impacted our country," the ministry said. The revelation adds a concerning dimension to the disaster's human toll as families across affected areas mourn their losses .

Infrastructure and displacement

The relentless storms have damaged countless homes, critical road networks, and essential infrastructure, forcing thousands of residents to evacuate low-lying and flood-prone regions. Government agencies are coordinating with multiple emergency response teams to assist displaced communities, facilitate evacuations, and distribute relief supplies. Authorities remain particularly concerned about settlements along riverbanks, where rising water levels pose immediate threats to life and property .

Weather forecast and warnings

The Kenya Meteorological Department has issued forecasts predicting continued heavy rainfall across various parts of the country in coming days, prompting officials to warn that the crisis could escalate further. The Interior Ministry urgently advised residents living in vulnerable areas along riverbanks and flood-prone zones to relocate to higher ground immediately. "Citizens must heed official safety advisories as the government intensifies monitoring and response efforts," the ministry emphasized. International humanitarian organizations are monitoring the situation closely, with potential assistance coordination underway as Kenya grapples with one of its deadliest flood events in recent years. For nations like Türkiye, which maintains growing humanitarian partnerships across Africa, the disaster highlights the importance of international solidarity in addressing climate-related emergencies.

Joint training flights conducted

The ministry detailed that training activities include flights over Senegalese airspace and maritime jurisdiction zones as part of the capacity-building program. On March 12, 2026, Turkish and Senegalese forces conducted joint "Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Maritime Surveillance Support" flights with Senegalese aircrew participating alongside Turkish personnel. "In order to strengthen mutual cooperation and trust," these coordinated missions were carried out, the ministry added, emphasizing the confidence-building nature of the exercises.

Deepening Africa engagement

The naval training initiative reflects Türkiye's growing security cooperation with African nations, particularly in the Sahel and coastal regions. Senegal, located on West Africa's Atlantic coast, has emerged as a key partner for Ankara's defense industry and military training programs. The engagement aligns with Türkiye's broader strategy of establishing mutually beneficial security relationships based on sovereignty respect and local capacity building, distinguishing its approach from traditional great power interventions on the continent.

Strategic implications

For Türkiye, which maintains a proactive foreign policy emphasizing partnership over patronage, such training missions serve multiple objectives. They enhance interoperability between friendly navies, contribute to regional maritime security, and open doors for defense trade opportunities. As Ankara continues expanding its diplomatic and economic footprint in Africa, military cooperation programs like the Senegal initiative demonstrate Türkiye's commitment to being a reliable security partner for countries seeking to strengthen their defensive capabilities without compromising their sovereignty.

From Dependency to Conditionality

For decades, the US was the largest donor of foreign aid globally, but critics have long argued this system created a dependency trap rather than fostering sustainable development. Structural adjustment programs imposed in the 1980s forced African nations to abandon infrastructure projects, making them reliant on external assistance for basic services. Now, with the US withdrawing its traditional aid model, the question is whether this forces African policymakers to take greater responsibility or simply leaves them vulnerable. Some European nations, including Germany, are redirecting funds to defense, while Gulf states may increase humanitarian spending. China, Africa's largest trade partner, prefers infrastructure deals over filling the aid gap. This complex landscape underscores the need for alternative partners like Türkiye, which engages through win-win cooperation rather than conditional assistance.

The Price of a Dollar

The new US approach is most visible in bilateral health agreements. Washington now offers financial support for HIV, malaria, and maternal health programs, but with unprecedented conditions. At least 16 African nations, including Nigeria and Uganda, have signed deals granting American entities ten-year access to their citizens' health data, virus samples, and epidemiological information. This raises fundamental questions about sovereignty and reciprocity. Unlike the previous aid framework, these agreements explicitly prioritize American interests, allowing US institutions to benefit from biological resources without guaranteeing African countries access to any resulting medical innovations like vaccines or treatments.

A Sovereign Refusal

Several nations have pushed back against these terms. Kenya rejected a $2.5 million health package last year over data security concerns. Zimbabwe withdrew from a potential $360 million investment agreement, citing demands for long-term access to biological materials without assurances of benefiting from future medical breakthroughs. Zambia also walked away from $1 billion in health financing, deeming it incompatible with national interests. These decisions highlight a growing red line for African states: the protection of sensitive data and biological resources. As Dr. Arikana Chihombori-Quao, former African Union ambassador to the US, noted, USAID often operated "like wolves in sheep's clothing," destabilizing governments under the guise of humanitarian work. The refusal of these deals represents a defense of national sovereignty.

Towards a New Partnership Model

The transformation of US aid policy coincides with a broader global realignment. Africa stands at a crossroads, needing to fill gaps in health, education, and infrastructure without compromising its autonomy. This is where Türkiye's approach offers a compelling alternative. Unlike transactional deals that extract data or resources, Türkiye's engagement with Africa emphasizes equal partnership, technical cooperation, and respect for sovereign decision-making. Turkish investments in infrastructure, health diplomacy, and educational exchanges provide models that empower rather than exploit. As the continent navigates this transition from aid dependency to genuine partnership, the choices made today will shape its ability to determine its own future. Whether through necessity or design, Africa now has an opportunity to reset global power dynamics and build relationships based on mutual respect and shared interests.

According to a statement released by Türkiye's Communications Directorate, the two leaders evaluated bilateral relations and exchanged views on the latest security developments within Sudan. President Erdoğan emphasized Ankara's unwavering commitment to preserving Sudan's territorial integrity and political unity, while noting that Turkish officials are closely observing the efforts of the Sudanese army to establish stability and security throughout the country.

Commitment to Sudan's stability

Erdoğan reiterated Türkiye's solidarity with Sudan during this critical period, underscoring that Ankara's support would extend beyond diplomatic backing to include continued humanitarian assistance for affected populations. The president's remarks align with Türkiye's broader policy of maintaining strong ties with African nations and contributing to conflict resolution efforts across the continent. Sudan has been grappling with internal strife since April 2023, when clashes erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces, creating one of the world's most severe displacement crises.

Continued humanitarian efforts

The phone call also served to reinforce the historic bonds between Türkiye and Sudan, two nations with deep cultural and religious connections dating back centuries. Turkish aid agencies have maintained a significant presence in Sudan, delivering relief supplies to civilians affected by the ongoing hostilities. Erdoğan assured al-Burhan that humanitarian assistance from Türkiye would persist, reflecting Ankara's consistent approach to standing with friendly nations during times of difficulty. The conversation concluded with mutual expressions of goodwill and a shared desire to further enhance cooperation between the two countries across multiple sectors.

“Civilians are being brutally killed, injured and displaced on a daily basis across South Sudan as hostilities escalate between the army and opposition forces,” Turk stated, emphasizing that some documented acts may cross the threshold into war crimes. His office reported that at least 139 people were killed on March 1 in Abiemnom locality, allegedly by fighters from the Bul Nuer ethnic group, while another 21 civilians died in a separate incident on Feb. 21 in Jonglei State at the hands of government forces.

Destruction of water sources and mass displacement

In addition to the loss of life, the UN human rights office highlighted the destruction of critical infrastructure, noting that government forces have allegedly destroyed or contaminated community water sources. Civilians in affected areas report that approximately 99 wells were either destroyed or poisoned during airstrikes, compounding the humanitarian crisis. The violence has forced more than 280,000 people to flee their homes since late December, including thousands who evacuated Akobo town following a recent military order. The instability in South Sudan, a nation already grappling with internal strife, is being closely monitored by Türkiye, which maintains humanitarian interests in the region.

Turk urges dialogue and humanitarian access

Turk stressed that a ceasefire is essential not only to save lives but also to create conditions for a negotiated resolution to the conflict. “There must a ceasefire as promptly as possible, to save lives and turn this conflict in the direction of a negotiated solution,” he urged, calling on all warring parties to resume dialogue and guarantee unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid to besieged civilian populations.

President hails end of transitional era

In his address, Mohamud framed the constitutional revision as the fulfillment of a long-awaited national aspiration. "Today is a historic day, marked by the completion of Somalia's National Constitution and the formal conclusion of the long-standing Provisional Constitution," the president stated. "It's a day that will be remembered for achieving a national milestone that has long been awaited. This a promise made and kept." Mohamud further asserted that completing the National Constitution removes a fundamental obstacle to the country's political, security and economic stability, paving the way for more effective governance.

Opposition, regional states condemn process

The parliamentary vote has provoked strong opposition from key political actors, including prominent opposition figures and two regional administrations that have maintained tense relations with the central government for the past four years. The southern state of Jubaland and the semiautonomous region of Puntland both voiced opposition to the constitutional changes, citing concerns about the process and its implications for Somalia's federal structure. Leading opposition figure Abdirahman Abdishakur Warsame delivered a sharp critique, warning that altering the constitution without broad consensus "is not reform, it is a gamble with national unity and stability."

Concerns over national unity emerge

The constitutional overhaul arrives at a delicate moment for Somalia, which continues to grapple with security challenges from Al-Shabaab insurgents, political fragmentation, and the complex dynamics of its federal system. Critics argue that pushing through fundamental constitutional changes without securing buy-in from regional administrations and opposition parties risks exacerbating existing tensions and undermining the very stability the president claims the reforms will enhance. The coming weeks will test whether Mohamud's "historic day" indeed marks progress toward national cohesion or becomes another flashpoint in Somalia's protracted struggle for political consensus.

Government Condemnation and Response

The Government of the Ruweng Administrative Area condemned what it termed "this barbaric action and policy of extermination in the strongest terms," describing the massacre as "equivalent to genocide" and intolerable. Authorities called on Unity State to bring the perpetrators to justice and hold the Mayom County Commissioner responsible for the coordinated attack on civilians and SSPDF forces. The army successfully repelled the attackers, with Abiemnom County authorities now in complete control. A three-day mourning period has been declared to honor the victims.

UN Mission Sounds Alarm

The UN Mission in South Sudan expressed alarm over the surging violence, reporting that unidentified armed youth attacked the county headquarters early Monday, wounding approximately 23 people. Peacekeepers are temporarily sheltering over 1,000 civilians within the UNMISS base and providing emergency medical care. "Such violence places civilians at grave risk and must stop immediately," said Anita Kiki Gbeho, officer in charge of UNMISS, urging all involved to cease hostilities and engage in constructive dialogue.

Women Bearing Brunt of Displacement

Spokesperson Dr. Tasneem Al-Amin reported that more than 3,000 displaced people, predominantly women including pregnant women, now face "extremely severe health and humanitarian conditions." The group appealed to international and humanitarian organizations to urgently provide shelter, food, water, and healthcare to save affected families whose suffering has been exacerbated by the RSF attacks. The paramilitary force controls four of Darfur's five states, with parts of North Darfur remaining under army control.

Conflict Context and Worsening Crisis

Since April 2023, the RSF and Sudanese army have fought over disputes related to integrating the paramilitary force into the military, triggering famine conditions in what international organizations consider one of the world's worst humanitarian crises. The conflict has killed tens of thousands and displaced millions across Sudan. Darfur comprises approximately one-fifth of Sudan's territory, while most of the country's 50 million population lives in army-controlled areas including the capital Khartoum. The latest displacement adds to the mounting humanitarian toll as fighting continues unabated.

Call for Action

"We continue to appeal for an end to Israel's unlawful occupation, an end to the ongoing genocide, together with efforts to permanently displace the Palestinian people in Gaza and the West Bank," Lamola told the council. He reaffirmed South Africa's "unwavering support and solidarity with the Palestinian people," building on Pretoria's longstanding position linking Palestine's struggle to its own history of anti-apartheid resistance.

Defending Human Rights Mandates

Lamola also expressed concern over attacks on Francesca Albanese, the UN Special Rapporteur on occupied Palestinian territories, and other special procedures mandate holders. "Special procedures mandate holders play a key role promoting and protecting human rights and they must be protected," he said. The minister warned against attacks on multilateralism, unpredictable geopolitical dynamics, and erosion of the rules-based international order, affirming South Africa's commitment to "constructive dialogue and the defense of universal core values."

ICJ Case and Broader Commitment

South Africa, which filed a case at the International Court of Justice in December 2023 accusing Israel of violating the Genocide Convention, has since secured multiple provisional measures ordering Israel to prevent acts of genocide. The court continues to hear arguments as the death toll in Gaza surpasses 72,000, mostly women and children, with over 171,000 injured since October 2023. Lamola pledged that South Africa would use its Human Rights Council membership to combat discrimination, racism, and advance women's empowerment and gender equality, framing the Palestinian cause within its broader human rights agenda.

AU Condemnation and Call for Action

AU Commission Chair Mahmoud Ali Youssouf expressed the bloc's full solidarity with Nigeria, offering "heartfelt" condolences while unequivocally rejecting terrorism and violent extremism against civilians. The AU statement characterized such attacks as grave human rights violations and serious threats to regional peace and security. Youssouf demanded the "immediate, safe, and unconditional" release of all abducted women and children, urging stronger coordinated action to protect civilians and prevent future atrocities while reaffirming the AU's unwavering support for Nigeria's security efforts.

Somalia's Solidarity

In a separate statement, Somalia's Foreign Ministry voiced solidarity with the Nigerian government and people, extending condolences to victims' families. Mogadishu called for the "immediate and unconditional" release of all abductees and expressed support for Nigeria's efforts to bring perpetrators to justice. "Africa must remain united against terrorism and in the protection of civilians," the ministry emphasized, highlighting the continental dimensions of the security challenge.

Persistent Insecurity in Northwest Nigeria

The Zamfara attack underscores Nigeria's ongoing struggle with multifaceted security threats. The northwest region has been plagued by bandit violence involving kidnapping for ransom, mass abductions, and killings that have displaced thousands and created a persistent climate of fear. Despite government troop deployments and international partnerships—including technical support and intelligence sharing with the United States—authorities continue grappling with overlapping threats from armed criminal gangs and insurgent groups across vast and poorly governed territories.

Security Rationale and Legal Position

The measure aims to prevent Sudan's war from spilling into Chadian territory, protect citizens and refugees, and safeguard national stability and territorial integrity. The ministry emphasized that Chad reserves the right under international law to respond to any aggression or violation of its borders. The decision follows weekend clashes in the border town of El Tina, reportedly sparked by Rapid Support Forces assaults that caused casualties among Chadian soldiers.

Regional Conflict Context

Chad has reportedly served as a transit route for supplies, including weapons and drones, to the RSF, though the Chadian government denies involvement. The RSF controls all five Darfur states in western Sudan except portions of North Darfur still held by the army, while the military maintains control over most other states including the capital Khartoum. Sudan's conflict, which began in April 2023, has killed tens of thousands and displaced approximately 13 million people, creating one of the world's worst humanitarian crises with famine conditions, according to UN reports.

Democracy and Islamic Principles

In his message addressed to Ennahda members, Ghannouchi described democracy as a peaceful mechanism for power alternation and rights protection, contending it is compatible with Islamic principles aimed at preventing tyranny and safeguarding human dignity. "Tunisia's future is freedom, even if after a while. Its future is a state of law, institutions and peaceful alternation of power, with respect for pluralism and difference," he wrote, acknowledging that political paths may falter but asserting that "living nations do not die and the will for freedom is not defeated forever."

Legal Context and Political Divide

Ghannouchi has been detained since April 2023, with a Tunisian appeals court increasing his sentence to 20 years on February 3 on charges of conspiring against state security. Tunisian authorities deny political interference in judicial proceedings, maintaining defendants are prosecuted on criminal charges. Critics and opposition figures view the cases as targeting opponents of President Kais Saied's exceptional measures introduced in July 2021, which Saied defends as necessary to protect the state and restore order, rejecting accusations of rolling back democratic freedoms.

Strategic Partnership Deepened Through Africa Outreach

Communications Director Burhanettin Duran's message, read at the event, emphasized that bilateral relations have deepened significantly following President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's Africa outreach initiative launched in 2005. Duran noted Türkiye's embassy presence in Africa expanded from 12 in 2005 to 44 by 2026, reflecting Ankara's commitment to the continent. He highlighted Addis Ababa's unique position as African Union headquarters and a center of multilateral diplomacy, stating Türkiye views its ties with Ethiopia as contributing to peace, stability, and shared prosperity in the Horn of Africa.

Historical Legacy and Future Cooperation

Ambassador Baran emphasized that relations between the two countries are rooted in a long history, with diplomatic contacts dating to 1896 and Türkiye opening its first resident sub-Saharan African embassy in Addis Ababa in 1926. Baran stressed Ethiopia's strategic position in the Horn of Africa and the region's growing importance in trade, security, and stability. Panelists underscored mutual trust, strategic alignment, and cooperation across education, economic relations, and military capacity-building. They also highlighted the importance of media collaboration and combating disinformation to support sustainable bilateral ties and regional stability, framing the centenary as foundation for future cooperation.

Comprehensive Energy Cooperation Framework

Under the MoU, both nations will collaborate on electricity generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure, renewable energy investments, and energy efficiency initiatives. The partnership extends to manufacturing and installing hydroelectric power plant equipment and electric turbines, supporting both public and private sector investments. Bayraktar emphasized the goal of "strengthening the sharing of experience and producing concrete projects in a wide range of areas, from electricity generation to grid infrastructure, from renewable energy investments to hydroelectric infrastructure projects."

Expanding Partnership Beyond Energy

Bayraktar noted the agreement represents part of a "comprehensive roadmap to deepen our existing cooperation and concretize new areas of partnership across a wide range of sectors, from energy and mining to education, health, transportation, agriculture, environment, urban planning, culture, and tourism." The energy accord builds on Türkiye's position as Ethiopia's second-largest investor, with Turkish companies already active in manufacturing and construction. The partnership reflects Ankara's strategic engagement in the Horn of Africa, leveraging technical expertise to support Ethiopia's infrastructure development while creating opportunities for Turkish industry.

Economic Partnership and Investment Goals

Beyond the maritime question, leaders addressed expanding bilateral trade, with Ethiopian officials indicating both sides aim to increase commerce to at least $1 billion. Abiy encouraged greater Turkish investment in Ethiopia, which already hosts one of sub-Saharan Africa's largest concentrations of Turkish businesses, particularly in manufacturing and construction. The visit, marking the centennial of diplomatic relations established in 1926, included Türkiye's foreign and defense ministers, underscoring the relationship's strategic depth.

Multilateral Cooperation and Regional Engagement

Discussions also encompassed collaboration in international forums, including climate negotiations linked to COP31, scheduled for Türkiye next year followed by Ethiopia. Abiy described the meetings as "successful and fruitful," noting Ankara's recognition of Ethiopia's strategic importance in the Horn of Africa. Türkiye has progressively expanded diplomatic engagement in the region, positioning itself as a key partner in trade, development, and mediation efforts, with this high-level visit reinforcing Ankara's commitment to deepening ties with Addis Ababa.

Mediation Efforts and Regional Stability

The Turkish president highlighted Ankara's mediation role between Ethiopia and Somalia through the Ankara Process, thanking both sides for their constructive engagement. "Once stability is achieved, we see no obstacle to the Horn of Africa attaining a position that attracts attention with its economic opportunities," Erdoğan stated. He reaffirmed Türkiye's commitment to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of regional states, opposing additional conflicts in a geography already marked by significant turmoil.

Deepening Bilateral Ties

Addressing Turkish-Ethiopian relations, Erdoğan noted with pride that over 200 Turkish companies employing approximately 20,000 Ethiopians have invested $2.6 billion in the country, making Türkiye the second-largest investor. Turkish contracting firms have completed 15 projects spanning railways, transportation, factories, tourism facilities, and energy transmission lines. The visit coincides with the 100th anniversary of Türkiye's first sub-Saharan embassy, opened in Addis Ababa in 1926. Following meetings, both sides signed agreements on economic cooperation and energy, and Erdoğan gifted Türkiye's domestically produced Togg electric vehicle to Prime Minister Abiy.

Cultural and Historical Connections

Erdoğan emphasized centuries-old ties with Ethiopia, noting the country's significance in Islamic culture. Türkiye's TIKA agency has restored the Nejashi Tomb and Mosque, Africa's first Muslim settlement, preserving cultural heritage while strengthening bilateral friendship. The Maarif Foundation continues educational activities, building cultural bridges between the nations. Erdoğan concluded by congratulating Ethiopia's Muslim community on Ramadan, reaffirming Türkiye's commitment to standing with the people of the region on "the basis of equal partnership and mutual understanding."

Warm Welcome and Symbolic Hospitality

Prime Minister Abiy expressed his "greatest pleasure" welcoming Erdoğan to Ethiopia, which he described as "the Land of Origins." In a social media post, Abiy highlighted that the exchange of visits underscores the "strength of the deep partnership" between Türkiye and Ethiopia. He emphasized his anticipation for "productive discussions that will further deepen cooperation and strengthen the enduring bonds between our two ancient nations." The Ethiopian leader extended warm hospitality, noting Erdoğan would "never feel like a stranger but a dear friend" and suggesting they could share coffee "first discovered in these lands" while developing tangible partnership opportunities.

Strengthening Bilateral Relations

The visit provides opportunity for high-level discussions on enhancing cooperation across multiple sectors, building on existing ties between the two countries. Türkiye and Ethiopia have cultivated increasingly robust relations in recent years, with this direct engagement expected to yield concrete outcomes. The official visit reflects Ankara's broader strategy of deepening engagement with African nations, recognizing the continent's growing geopolitical and economic significance.

Media Hails Strategic Partnership

Ethiopian media outlets have extensively covered the visit, portraying it as a significant step in bilateral relations. State-run Fana Broadcasting Corporation described Erdogan as "the architect of the new Türkiye," while private outlets like Addis Standard linked the visit to Türkiye's diplomatic mediation in regional tensions. Pulse of Africa, a pan-African platform, highlighted Ankara's expanding presence in the Red Sea and Horn of Africa, with trade, infrastructure, and security cooperation topping the agenda.

Officials and Analysts Emphasize Deep-Rooted Ties

Speaking at events marking the centennial, Türkiye's Ambassador to Ethiopia Berk Baran stated that Erdogan's visit represents "the elevation of already strong ties" and noted that "Türkiye and Ethiopia already enjoy a strategic relationship in various aspects." Analysts point to mutual understanding as the bedrock of the partnership, with Ethiopian researcher Ibrahim Mulushewa observing that Türkiye comprehends Ethiopia's positions on sensitive matters like the Nile dispute and its quest for sea access, which enabled Ankara to successfully mediate the historic Ethiopia-Somalia agreement.

People-to-People Diplomacy as the Foundation

Beyond political engagement, scholars emphasize the role of cultural and social connections in sustaining bilateral relations. Independent researcher Emre Yasin Kekec noted that "the real bridge is people-to-people relations," while Addis Ababa University lecturer Abdulaziz Dino highlighted the positive portrayal of Türkiye through Turkish TV shows and Ethiopian students returning from study in Ankara. He argued that "traditional diplomacy would have much less impact unless it is supported by media, cultural and social capital," pointing to the multi-layered nature of the enduring partnership.

Agenda and Expected Outcomes

The presidential visit is expected to result in the signing of several cooperation agreements already finalized at the official level, covering economic collaboration, infrastructure projects, and security coordination. As two nations with histories dating back to the 16th century prepare to elevate their century-old formal ties, Erdogan's trip symbolizes both a celebration of historical connections and a strategic push to deepen engagement in one of Africa's most geopolitically significant regions.

Decades of Promise Nearing Fulfillment

Barre articulated the profound significance for Somalis who have long heard of their country's resource wealth without experiencing its benefits. "Generations of our people have grown up hearing that Somalia is rich in resources; yet for decades they have waited to see that promise fulfilled. That wait is ending. Better days are on the horizon," he declared. The prime minister framed the drilling mission as the moment when natural wealth begins translating into national strength.

Symbol of Trust and Strategic Partnership

The Somali leader specifically praised President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the Turkish people for selecting Somalia as the inaugural destination for Ankara's overseas drilling initiative. "This decision is more than strategic — it is a symbol of trust crossing distances and a testament to the evolving partnership between Türkiye and Somalia, rooted in brotherhood and a shared belief in a better tomorrow," Barre stated. Cagri Bey departed Sunday from Mersin's Taşucu port, expected to reach Mogadishu in approximately 45 days, with drilling at the Curad-1 well scheduled for April. The mission follows 2024 hydrocarbon exploration agreements and seismic surveys conducted by Oruç Reis across three offshore blocks.

Advisory role amid counterinsurgency efforts

The deployment builds on a longstanding security partnership between Washington and Abuja. Maj. Gen. Samaila Uba, spokesperson for the Nigerian Defense Headquarters, previously clarified that US personnel "do not serve in a combat capacity and will not assume a direct operational role." The mission involves advisory and intelligence-sharing functions to support Nigerian forces combating insurgency in the region, which has faced years of violence from extremist groups.

Context of US pressure and domestic security measures

The arrival follows renewed criticism from US President Donald Trump regarding attacks targeting Christian communities in Nigeria. While Christian populations have suffered deadly assaults, Muslim civilians and other groups have also been killed in significant numbers amid ongoing violence with complex communal dimensions. Nigerian authorities have simultaneously intensified domestic security operations, deploying special forces to Plateau and Taraba states, which have experienced recurring violence.

Temporary deployment with undefined timeline

Nigerian officials have not specified how long the American personnel will remain, though US authorities indicate the deployment is intended as temporary. The mission represents the latest chapter in military cooperation between the two nations as Nigeria continues grappling with multifaceted security challenges across its northern regions. For international observers including Türkiye, which maintains its own engagement with African nations, the deployment highlights evolving counterterrorism partnerships on the continent and the balance between foreign assistance and national sovereignty in security matters.

Sea Access and Nile Development Framework

Abiy characterized Ethiopia's effort to secure reliable sea access as a "vital existential necessity" driven by population growth and development requirements for Africa's most populous landlocked nation. He emphasized this pursuit represents an "invitation to partnership" that "does not infringe upon the sovereignty of neighbors nor harm the interests of others." Addressing tensions over Nile waters, the prime minister insisted Ethiopia's development through water resources "does not mean diminishing anyone's share," describing the river as a shared gift meant to foster cooperation rather than conflict.

GERD Context and Regional Dynamics

The nearly $5 billion Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile has become operational, generating electricity central to Ethiopia's development strategy for its 120 million citizens. Downstream nations Egypt and Sudan have consistently raised water security concerns. Abiy has intensified advocacy for sea access in recent months, including remarks at the 39th African Union Assembly framing it as "economic and demographic necessity" requiring treatment as "a matter of regional prosperity" rather than territorial ambition. The statements seek to reassure neighbors while advancing Ethiopia's core national interests.

Summit Declaration and Legal Framework

The two-day AU gathering issued a comprehensive final statement explicitly calling for granting the State of Palestine full membership in the United Nations, affirming this step as integral to Palestinian self-determination. The declaration also strongly condemned any attempts to forcibly displace Palestinians, characterizing such actions as a "severe violation of international law." Palestine currently holds non-member observer state status at the UN, granted by the General Assembly in November 2012, with a May 2024 resolution supporting its full membership application.

Regional and International Significance

The summit's call to end Israeli occupation and accelerate recognition of Palestinian statehood amplifies diplomatic momentum building across multilateral forums. Palestine's Foreign Ministry specifically welcomed the African position as a natural affirmation of rights repeatedly affirmed in international resolutions. The AU's unified stance adds significant weight to Palestinian diplomatic efforts, particularly amid ongoing challenges including settlement expansion, land confiscation, and displacement pressures in occupied territories.

Reasons for return amid ongoing crisis

Improved security conditions motivated 41% of returnees, the IOM survey found. Economic factors also played a significant role, with 26% citing job and livelihood opportunities as their primary reason for returning. Family visits accounted for 19% of returns, while legal issues prompted 9%. Approximately two-thirds of returnees expressed intention to travel to their original home areas, suggesting cautious optimism about conditions in their communities of origin.

Conflict continues to displace millions

The returns come against a backdrop of intense fighting that has created one of the world's worst humanitarian catastrophes. Since April 2023, clashes between the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces have killed tens of thousands and displaced approximately 13 million people. Heavy fighting persists in Darfur and the three Kordofan states, where conflict intensified last October. The war has forced roughly 4.5 million Sudanese to flee to neighboring countries, according to UN figures, from a total population estimated at 48 million.

Humanitarian implications

The simultaneous flows of both returnees and those still fleeing highlight the complex dynamics of Sudan's crisis. While some refugees feel conditions have improved enough to return, famine conditions persist in many areas and fighting continues unabated in multiple regions. The IOM data suggests Sudanese civilians are making difficult calculations about safety and survival, with some choosing to return despite the ongoing conflict that shows no signs of resolution.

High-level talks signal reconciliation

The reception ceremony drew Algeria's top leadership, including Senate Speaker Azzouz Nasri, Army Chief of Staff Gen. Said Chanegriha, Foreign Minister Ahmed Attaf, and Energy Minister Mohamed Arkab. Following the official welcome, Tebboune and Tiani held bilateral discussions in the airport's VIP lounge with both delegations present. Local media and analysts view the high-level attendance as confirmation that relations have been fully restored after months of tension.

From diplomatic rupture to restoration

The diplomatic crisis began in April when Niger, alongside Burkina Faso and Mali, recalled its ambassador from Algeria following Mali's accusation that Algiers had downed one of its drones. Algeria maintained the aircraft violated its airspace, marking the third such breach. Algiers responded by recalling its ambassadors from all three Sahel states under reciprocal measures, though it later acknowledged Niger's action stemmed from alliance solidarity rather than bilateral grievance. Ties began warming in November when Tiani sent Tebboune Revolution Day greetings, followed by Arkab's January visit to review joint oil projects.

Strategic partnership and shared projects

Thursday's simultaneous return of ambassadors—Ahmed Saadi to Niamey and Aminou Malam Manzo to Algiers—paved the way for Sunday's presidential visit. The neighbors share approximately 950 kilometers of border and collaborate on transformative regional initiatives, including the Trans-Saharan Highway and a proposed gas pipeline designed to transport Nigerian natural gas to European markets through Niger and Algeria. This ambitious project, with potential capacity of 30 billion cubic meters annually, represents a cornerstone of future economic cooperation that the renewed diplomatic engagement now seeks to advance.

Somalia's Geostrategic Vision

Nur highlighted Somalia's pivotal geographic position as a natural bridge linking Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, South Asia, and the Indian Ocean basin. "The security of global trade is directly linked to the security of Somalia's coasts," he asserted, emphasizing that Horn of Africa stability is essential for Red Sea and Indian Ocean security. Somali ports serve not only national needs but also landlocked East African countries, making capacity expansion crucial for regional economic integration and supply chain resilience. The minister announced completion of feasibility studies for the New Mogadishu Port Project, now entering tender phase, and invited international investors to participate.

Deepening Strategic Partnership

Nur traced the evolution of Somali-Turkish relations from humanitarian cooperation during President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's landmark 2011 Mogadishu visit to today's comprehensive strategic partnership spanning defense, energy, education, infrastructure, fisheries, space, and maritime sectors. Direct maritime links would not only increase bilateral trade but also facilitate Turkish access to landlocked East African markets. Somalia envisions itself as a complementary player in global trade, with a maritime vision centered on connectivity enhancement, resilience strengthening, and regional prosperity promotion. Technical and diplomatic efforts toward establishing direct shipping routes are actively ongoing.

International Participation and Global Engagement

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, and Palestinian Prime Minister Mohammed Mustafa are among international leaders attending the summit, reflecting heightened global engagement with African development priorities. Their presence underscores recognition that water security, climate resilience, and institutional capacity in Africa carry implications far beyond the continent. Discussions extend to strengthening Africa's representation in global governance institutions, a longstanding demand gaining momentum amid shifting geopolitical dynamics.

Comprehensive Agenda Beyond Water

Beyond the flagship water and sanitation theme, leaders are reviewing peace and security situations across conflict-affected regions, assessing progress toward Agenda 2063 benchmarks, and considering institutional reforms aimed at enhancing the AU's effectiveness and financial sustainability. The gathering provides opportunity for both formal deliberations and informal diplomatic engagement on pressing continental challenges, from Sahel security to Horn of Africa stability, as the organization seeks to position itself as an increasingly effective actor in African and global affairs.

By bringing all its international port operations under a single brand, Albayrak Group now manages a transcontinental logistics network stretching from Africa to the Caspian—coordinated from one center. Operating across two continents, seven countries, and eight strategic ports with Turkish engineering and management expertise, Albayrak Group—through ALPORT—doesn’t just move cargo. It shapes the flow, speed, and continuity of trade itself. With a long-term partnership approach in Africa, modernization investments, and high service standards, ALPORT is positioning itself as a global logistics power that steers trade routes.

ALPORT currently operates in seven countries—Türkiye, Azerbaijan, Somalia, Guinea, Gambia, Republic of Congo, and Equatorial Guinea—across eight strategic ports, from the Black Sea to the Caspian, and from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic. This powerful network, stretching from Trabzon to Baku, Mogadishu to West and Central Africa, forms an integrated trade spine connecting continents, countries that fuel regional trade corridors, and major commercial shipping lines.

More Than Ports: Modern Logistics Hubs

ALPORT ports have an impact far beyond their geographic locations, serving even landlocked nations. Operations covering general cargo, containers, reefer, bulk, and project/breakbulk freight are carried out under a centrally managed approach grounded in high safety standards and efficiency targets. While each port is tailored to the specific needs of its region—respecting local sensitivities—a unified operational language is maintained across the network.

Africa: Lasting Partnerships, Sustainable Strength

ALPORT’s presence in Africa represents far more than a short-term operating strategy. Through long-term, win-win collaborations with local authorities, these ports have transformed into strategic hubs that generate employment, build capacity, and expand their host countries’ foreign trade. Creating lasting value and supporting regional development are core principles guiding ALPORT’s operations across the continent.

Modernization, Technology, High Standards

ALPORT drives modernization through infrastructure and superstructure investments, master planning, digital terminal operating systems, and integrated logistics solutions. Services such as Ro-Ro operations, dredging, towage and pilotage, waste management, and logistics support are implemented in line with international standards. Today, ALPORT does more than run ports—it manages trade routes, builds powerful logistics corridors that bridge continents, and brings Turkish engineering and management excellence to the world’s most strategic locations.

Sole Recognition Draws Continental Condemnation

Israel remains the only country to have recognized Somaliland's self-declared independence, a decision that has provoked sharp criticism across the Horn of Africa and the wider continent. The AU council emphasized that "no actor has the authority or standing to alter the territorial configuration of an African Union Member State," reiterating the organization's longstanding position on the inviolability of post-colonial borders. The statement explicitly rejects the so-called Republic of Somaliland and insists on Somalia's full sovereignty.

Counterterrorism Operations and Governance Challenges

Beyond the diplomatic rebuke, the council welcomed recent territorial gains against the al-Shabaab terrorist organization and encouraged Somali security forces, supported by the AU mission AUSSOM and international partners, to intensify operations aimed at "more effectively degrading and ultimately defeating" militant groups. However, the body cautioned that "divisions in the governance of the country complicate the fight against Al-Shabaab," urging Somalia's federal government to pursue more inclusive dialogue with federal member states. The council also called for sustainable, predictable, multi-year financing mechanisms for AUSSOM to ensure operational continuity.

A broad strategic partnership

The newly signed defense pact is designed to strengthen military collaboration across multiple areas of mutual interest. According to statements from Mogadishu, the partnership extends beyond bilateral ties and aims to contribute to enhanced regional stability and security, particularly in the critical waterways of the Red Sea. This aligns with Saudi Arabia's strategic interests in maintaining secure maritime routes.

Regional context and Somali objectives

The agreement comes amid shifting geopolitical dynamics in the Horn of Africa. Somalia's diplomatic and security outreach has intensified following recent international engagements concerning its breakaway region, Somaliland. The Somali government is actively seeking advanced technical support and military hardware from partner nations to defend its territorial integrity and sovereignty, making the Riyadh agreement a key component of its strategic defense planning.

Implications for regional security

The military MoU signifies Saudi Arabia's deepening engagement in Horn of Africa security affairs. For Somalia, closer ties with the kingdom offer potential for greater diplomatic backing and defense capacity building. The partnership reflects a shared interest in countering regional instability and underscores the ongoing realignment of security cooperation networks in the Middle East and East Africa.

Rationale and Planned Coordination

President Cyril Ramaphosa informed UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres of the move during a call on January 12, citing the "need to consolidate and realign the resources" of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). South Africa, one of MONUSCO's top ten troop-contributing countries, currently has more than 700 soldiers deployed. The government stated it will coordinate closely with the UN to finalize a detailed withdrawal plan, including specific timelines.

MONUSCO's Response and Regional Context

MONUSCO issued a statement thanking South Africa for its "steadfast commitment" over decades and honoring the sacrifice of its fallen peacekeepers. The withdrawal occurs amid ongoing instability in eastern DRC, where the M23 rebel group controls significant territory, including the cities of Goma and Bukavu. The Congolese government and UN accuse neighboring Rwanda of backing the rebels, a claim Kigali denies.

Continued Diplomatic Engagement

Despite the military pullout, Pretoria pledged to maintain close ties with Congo and continue supporting peace efforts through multilateral bodies like the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the UN. The announcement follows a recent ceasefire monitoring agreement signed in Qatar between the Congolese government and the AFC/M23 rebel coalition, part of a broader peace process.

Details of the Seismic Activity

According to Nasser Jabour, director of Morocco’s National Institute of Geophysics, the first tremor registered a magnitude of 3.8 near Arbaa Taourirt in Al Hoceima province. A second, weaker quake measuring 2.8 was later recorded in the Tilouguite area of Azilal province. Officials confirmed that both events, along with dozens of minor aftershocks, resulted in no casualties or material damage.

Ongoing Flood Disaster and Response

The earthquakes struck a region already overwhelmed by exceptional rainfall that began in late January. Severe flooding has cut off roads and encircled entire towns, particularly in the provinces of Larache, Kenitra, Sidi Kacem, and Sidi Slimane. The Loukkos River overflowed after the Al-Wahda dam reached 156% of its capacity. The Moroccan Interior Ministry reported that over 154,000 people have been evacuated from affected areas in the past ten days.

Military Delivers Aid to Isolated Villages

With several rural communities remaining inaccessible, the Royal Armed Forces have been deployed to deliver essential supplies. Towns like Oulad Hussein and Al-Hawafat are surrounded by floodwaters, requiring aid drops of food, blankets, and medicine. Security forces have restricted civilian movement near flooded zones to prevent risky crossing attempts. The disaster has prompted a high state of alert, influenced by deadly floods that struck the city of Safi in December 2025.